¡¡¡¡È¨¡¡¡¡|¡¡ ¾à·Â¡¡|¡¡ ¿¬±¸¡¡|¡¡ °­ÀÇ¡¡|¡¡ Ȱµ¿¡¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡¼³µ¿ÈÆ ±³¼öÀÇ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È¨ÆäÀÌÁö English¡¡|¡¡ ¹æ¸í·Ï¡¡|¡¡ ÀÌ-¸ÞÀÏ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ 

 

¡°°¡Á· °çÀ¸·Î¡¦¡± ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ³¯°³Áþ

±è°©½Ä

±è°©½Ä. 2005. ¡¸¡°°¡Á· °çÀ¸·Î¡¦¡± ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ³¯°³Áþ¡¹. ¡ìµ¿¾ÆÀϺ¸¡í 2005¡¤7¡¤1.

¡â »ç¶û½º·± °¡Á·µé°úÀÇ Çì¾îÁüÀº °íÅëÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡µµ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â °­ÇÏ´Ù. ½ÅÀçÁØ(¿ÞÂÊ) Ȳ¸¸±Ô ¾¾ µî µÎ ¡®±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¡¯°¡ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ¸Â¾Æ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø °¡Á·°úÀÇ ¸¸³²À» ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ Àϰ£Áö ¿ö½ÌÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ®´Â 1¿ù ÀÚ³àµéÀÇ Á¶±â À¯ÇÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¶³¾îÁ® »ç´Â Çѱ¹ ¡®±â·¯±â °¡Á·¡¯ÀÇ ¾ÖȯÀ» 3°³ ¸é¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ±â·¯±â°¡ ¸Õ °Å¸®¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇÏ¸ç »õ³¢µéÀÇ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ±¸ÇØ ¿Â´Ù¸é¼­ ÀÚ³à ±³À°À» À§ÇØ ºÎºÎ°¡ Çì¾îÁ® »ç´Â ±â·¯±â °¡Á·ÀÇ À¯·¡¸¦ ¼³¸íÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ±¹°æÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¶³¾îÁ® Áö³»´Â °¡Á·µéÀº ¡®Ãʱ¹Àû °¡Á·(Transnational Family)¡¯ ¶Ç´Â ¡®´Ù±¹Àû °¡±¸(Multinational Household)¡¯·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. ÀϺο¡¼­´Â 2000³â ÀÌÈÄ Åë½Å ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î ´Ã¾î³­ ¡®¿Â¶óÀÎ Á¢ÃË¡¯¿¡ Æ÷Ä¿½º¸¦ ¸ÂÃç ¡®N(network)ÆÐ¹Ð¸®¡¯·Î ºÎ¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿©¸§ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ¸Â¾Æ °¡Á·À» ã¾Æ ¶°³ª´Â Çѱ¹ ¡®±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¡¯µéÀÇ ´ëÀ̵¿ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ƴÙ. Ç×°ø»çµéÀº ÃÖ±Ù ¿øÈ­ÀÇ °­¼¼¿Í ¿©¸§ ÈÞ°¡°¡ °ãÃÄ ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ Ãâ±¹ÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüµéÀÇ ´ëÀ̵¿. ±×°ÍÀº ¾î¿ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ºóÀÚ¸®°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß Çß´ø ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ³²ÆíÀÇ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ä¿ì±â À§ÇÑ ³¯°¹ÁþÀÌ´Ù.

¡â Áö°© ¼Ó »çÁøÀº Áö³­ÇØ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ÇÔ²² ÈÞ°¡¸¦ º¸³½ ½ÅÀçÁؾ¾ °¡Á·ÀÇ ´Ü¶õÇÑ ¸ð½À.
¡Û ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ¿©Çà ¼öø

Áß¼Ò ¹«¿ªÈ¸»ç ´ëÇ¥ÀÎ ±èÈï°ï(44) ¾¾´Â 3³â° ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü·Î Áö³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2003³â 8¿ù ¼ÛÀÌ(12) µ¿È¯(10) µî ³²¸Å¿Í ºÎÀÎ ±è¸í¿Á(42) ¾¾¸¦ Áß±¹ Áö¸°(ÑÎ×ù) ¼º âÃá(íþõð)À¸·Î º¸³Â´Ù. ¾î¸± ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¾îÇп¡ Àç´ÉÀ» º¸ÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ À¯ÇÐÀ» ¿øÇÏÀÚ ±â·¯±â °¡Á·ÀÌ µÈ °Í. ±×´Â ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ¸Â¾Æ 10ÀÏ °¡Á·À» ¸¸³ª·¯ Áß±¹À¸·Î °£´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°¿äÁò ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´ÂÁö ¸ð¸¦ Á¤µµ·Î Áñ°ÌÁö¸¸ ÁغñÇÒ °Íµµ ¸¹´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±è ¾¾´Â ¿äÁò È­»ó äÆÃÀ» Çϸ鼭 °¡Á·ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ¹°Ç°À» Àû°í, µû·Î »ý°¢³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¼ö½Ã·Î ¸Þ¸ðÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¡®¼ÛÀÌ´Â °¨ÀÚÅÁÀÌ ¸Ô°í ½Í´Ù°í Çß´Ù. ³Ãµ¿Çؼ­ ¾ó·Á°¥ °Í. µ¿È¯ÀÌ´Â ¿À¡¾î Á£°¥°ú ÀÚÀå¶ó¸é ¸Ô´Â ²ÞÀ» ²Û´Ù°í Çß´Ù.¡¯ ±×´Â ¾Æ³»¸¦ À§ÇØ ¿µ¾çÁ¦¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇß°í ¹éÈ­Á¡¿¡¼­ ¿©¸§¿Ê°ú È­Àåǰµµ »ì ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì¼ý°¡·ç´Â ½Ã°ñ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çü¼ö, ±èÄ¡´Â ¾î¸Ó´Ï²² ºÎŹÇß´Ù. °¡Àå ½Å°æÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ºÎ½ Ä¿¹ö¸° ¼ÛÀÌ¿ÍÀÇ ´ëÈ­´Ù. ¾ó¸¶ Àü µþÀÌ Ãʰæ(ôøÌè)À» Çß´Ù´Â ¼Ò½ÄÀ» ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô¼­ µé¾ú´Ù. ¼º±³À°°ú °ü·ÃµÈ Ã¥°ú ¼ÛÀ̰¡ °®°í ½Í´Ù´Â MP3¸¦ ºü¶ß·Á¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ¡°¼ÛÀ̸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼º³â ÃàÇÏ À̺¥Æ®¸¦ °èȹÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¹ú½á Çß¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥¡¦.¡±(±è ¾¾) À¯³­È÷ ¾Æºü¸¦ µû¸£´Â ¾Æµéµµ ¾È½É½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ó¸¶ Àü ¡°¾Æºü ¹ä ¸Ô¾ú¾î?¡±¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ ¹«½ÉÄÚ ¡°±×³É ¶ó¸éÀ¸·Î ¶§¿ü¾î¡±¶ó°í Çß´Ù ¾ÆÀ̰¡ ¿ì´Â ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ ²÷°í È¥ÀÚ ¿ï±âµµ Çß´Ù. ¿äÁò äÆÃÀ» ÇÏ¸é ¡®¾Æºü, ¹ä ¸Ô¾ú¾î?¡¯ ¡®¿Ö ´Ê°Ô µé¾î¿Í¡¯ ¡®ÀÏ¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ °¡Á· ³ªµéÀ̰¡ ¸¹À¸´Ï±î ¿ÜÃâÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó¡¯´Â µî ¾ÆµéÀÇ ÀܼҸ®°¡ ºÎ½ ´Ã¾ú´Ù. ¾ðÁ¨°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼­ Çѱ¹¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇØ Çѱ¹ À§ÀÎÀü°ú ¿ª»çÃ¥µµ ÁغñÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¸öÀº À̰÷¿¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¸¶À½Àº ´Ã °¡Á·°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÖ´Ù.

¡Û ¹®Á¦´Â ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë

¡â ¹«¿ªÈ¸»ç¸¦ ¿î¿µÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ±èÈï°ï ¾¾°¡ Áß±¹ Áö¸° ¼º âÃá¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¡Á·¿¡°Ô Á٠å°ú CD µî Áغñ¹°À» ²Ù¸®´Ù ¿©±ÇÀ» Æì º¸¸ç ÇູÇÑ Ç¥Á¤À» Áþ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±â·¯±â ¾Æºü´Â »çȸÀÇ ±âº» ´ÜÀ§ÀÎ °¡Á·°ú ¼¼°èÈ­ÀÇ »óÈ£ Ãæµ¹ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÆ´Ù´Â °Ô Àü¹®°¡µéÀÇ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿±¹´ë Á¶Àº(»çȸÇÐ) ±³¼ö´Â ¡°Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü Çö»óÀº 1990³â´ë ¸» ¿ÜȯÀ§±â¸¦ °ÞÀº Áß»êÃþÀÌ Àڳ౳À°¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±¸Ã¼È­µÆ´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±³À° Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ÆÄÇàÀ» ºú°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î Ç÷¿¬Àû À¯´ë°¨ÀÌ °­ÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀÌ ½º½º·Î ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á¿¡ ³ª¼¹´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× °á°ú Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±â·¯±â °¡Á·Àº Àڳฦ À§ÇÑ ¹Ì·¡ ÅõÀÚÇü º°°Å, Áß»êÃþ ÀÌ»ó, ¾Æ³»°¡ ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²² ¶°³ª´Â Ư¡À» º¸ÀδÙ.

±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüµéÀº ÈÞ°¡ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÀÚ³à¿ÍÀÇ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅë µî À¯´ë°¨ ȸº¹¿¡ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü 4³â°ÀÎ ÃÖ»óÇö(45¡¤ÀÇ·ùȸ»ç ÀÌ»ç) ¾¾´Â 9¿ù Áß ¾Æ³»¿Í ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Àִ ȣÁÖ·Î Ãâ±¹ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æµé ÀÎÈ£(15) ±º°ú µþ ¼öÁø(13) ¾çÀÌ ½Ãµå´Ï¿¡¼­ À¯ÇÐÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Á·À» À§ÇØ ±×°¡ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â À̺¥Æ®´Â ¿©ÇàÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÁö¿¡ °¡¼­µµ ¼ö¾÷°ú °ú¿Ü Ȱµ¿À¸·Î ¹Ù»Û ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú ¾î¿ï¸®Áö ¸øÇØ °Ñµ¹¾Ò´ø °æÇèÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Ãâ±¹¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ ¿©Çà¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¤¸®Çϰí È£ÅÚ ¿¹¾àµµ ¹Ì¸® ³¡³¾ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¸± ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹ÙµÏÀ» ¹è¿ö ¾Æ¸¶ 1, 2±Þ ¼öÁØÀÎ ¾Æµé°úÀÇ ¼ÒÅëÀ» À§ÇØ ¹ÙµÏÀ» ¹è¿ì±âµµ Çß´Ù. µÎ µþÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ¹ö¹ðÅ©¿¡¼­ °í±³¿Í ÁßÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â ½Å½Â±Ù(43¡¤CJ È«º¸ºÎÀå) ¾¾´Â Ãֱ٠äÆÃÀ» ÇÏ´Ù ¡®Áö±Ý ³ª´Â ´©±¸¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â Å«µþ(16) ¸Þ½ÅÀúÀÇ ´ëÈ­¸íÀ» º¸°í °¡½¿ÀÌ Ã¶·· ³»·Á¾É¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°¿äÁò ÈÞ°¡ ÀÏÁ¤¿¡¼­ µþ°ú ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô ´ëÈ­¸¦ ³ª´­ ¼ÒÀ縦 ã´À¶ó ¿©·¯ ±ºµ¥¿¡ ÀÚ¹®Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡Û ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÈÞ°¡

´ÊµÕÀÌ ¸·³»µþ°ú ºÎÀÎÀÌ Áß±¹ ·ª¿À´×(סָ)¼º ¼±¾ç(ä£åÕ)¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±è±â¸í(57¡¤¼¼¹«»ç) ¾¾´Â ÀÌ¹Ì 6¿ù Áß¼øºÎÅÍ ÇöÁö¿¡¼­ ¡®Æ¯º°ÇÑ ÈÞ°¡¡¯¸¦ º¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°°ð µ¹¾Æ°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Ô ½ºÆ®·¹½ºÀ̰í ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ½Ã¼±µµ °öÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ²À ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±â´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°¿ÀÈ÷·Á »ó´ë¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹è·ÁÇÏ´Â ¸¶À½ÀÌ Ä¿Á³°í Áý»ç¶÷°ú´Â ¸¸³¯ ¶§¸¶´Ù ½ÅÈ¥ ´À³¦ÀÌ µç´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

KTÀÇ ½ÅÀçÁØ(41¡¤°æ¿µÀü·«½Ç ºñÀü°æ¿µÆÀ ºÎÀå) ¾¾´Â ¿ÃÇØ ÃÊ ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ³» ¿µ±¹ÀÇ °¡Á·µéÀ» ¸¸³ª°í ¿Ô´Ù. ±×ÀÇ °¡Á·Àº ¾Æ³»°¡ ·±´ø¿¡¼­ À¯ÇÐÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ¾î ±â·¯±â °¡Á·ÀÌ µÆ´Ù. ±×´Â ÈÞ°¡ ±â°£ Áß ¿µ±¹ ³²ºÎ¿Í ÇÁ¶û½º¸¦ ´Ù³à¿Ô´Âµ¥, °¡Á·ÀÇ ´ëÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀϺη¯ ±âÂ÷ ¿©ÇàÀ» ÅÃÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¡°¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ°í ³­ µÚ ¾ÆÈ© »ìµÈ µþÀÌ ¡®Àü¿¡´Â ¾Æºü°¡ ¹¹ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÎÁö ¸ô¶ú´Âµ¥ À̹ø ¿©Çà¿¡¼­ ¾ÆºüÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¾Ë°Ô µÆ´Ù¡¯°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ °¡½¿ÀÌ ¾ÆÆÍÁö¸¸ ¹¶Å¬Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¡°Ã³À½¿¡´Â ¾Æ³»°¡ À¯ÇÐ µÞ¹Ù¶óÁö¸¦ ÇßÁö¸¸ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¾Æ³»°¡ °øºÎÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ »ý°å½À´Ï´Ù. ±â·¯±â »ýȰÀÌ ½¬¿î °ÍÀº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô ±âȸ¸¦ ÁÖ°í ½Í¾ú¾î¿ä. ¾Æ³»°¡ ¹Þ´Â ½ºÆ®·¹½ºµµ ÀûÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÈÞ°¡ ¶§¸¶´Ù Àß»ç´Â ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±(½Å ¾¾)

°°Àº ȸ»çÀÇ È²¸¸±Ô(39¡¤ÄÁ¹öÀü½º ¿¬±¸¼Ò Ã¥ÀÓ¿¬±¸¿ø) ¾¾´Â ºÎÀÎÀÌ ´ºÁú·£µå¿¡¼­ »ç¾÷À» Çϰí ÀÖ¾î ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü°¡ µÈ ÄÉÀ̽º. ±×´Â ¡°À̹ø ¿©¸§ ÈÞ°¡ÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦´Â ¾Æ³»¿Í ¿Àº×ÇÑ ½Ã°£À» ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡Û ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼±ÅÃ

¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¼±Åõµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Þ Áß ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ °¡Á·À» ¸¸³¯ ¿¹Á¤ÀÎ ±¤°í´ëÇà»ç TBWAÄÚ¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¹é½ÂÈÆ(42) ±¹Àå¿¡°Ô À̹ø ÈÞ°¡´Â Ưº°ÇÏ´Ù. 2³â ¹Ý µ¿¾È µÎ Àڳฦ Á¶±â À¯ÇнÃÄ×Áö¸¸ ÃÖ±Ù °¡Á·°ú ±â·¯±â »ýȰÀ» ³¡³»±â·Î ÇÕÀÇÇØ ¸¶Áö¸· ¡®±â·¯±â ÈÞ°¡¡¯°¡ µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̹ø ÈÞ°¡´Â °¡Á·ÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ »ýȰÀ» Á¤¸®Çϰí Çѱ¹ »ýȰÀ» ÁغñÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¡°¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ »ýȰ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇßÁö¸¸ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À±â·Î Çß´Ù. Áö±Ý µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é 2, 3³â ´õ °É¸®´Â µ¥ ³ªÀÇ ¡®°æÁ¦Àû ü·Â¡¯ÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¾àÇØÁ³´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­¸¸ »ì °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é Çѱ¹Àû üÇèµµ ÇÊ¿äÇϰí, ÀüÇô ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¸øÇÑ ¿ì¸® ºÎºÎÀÇ ³ëÈÄ Áغñµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇß´Ù.¡±(¹é ±¹Àå) ±Û=±è°©½Ä ±âÀÚ dunanworld@donga.com »çÁø=°­º´±â ±âÀÚ arche@donga.com

¡å ±â·¯±â¾Æºü Çѱ¹ ƯÀ¯ Çö»ó ÀÚ³àÀ§ÇÑ ¹Ì·¡ÅõÀÚÇü º°°Å

¡®±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¡¯´Â ºÎºÎ Áß½ÉÀÇ »ýȰÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁö´Â ¼­¾ç »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â º¸±â µå¹® Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. ±¹³»¿¡¼­ ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¸¦ ÁÖÁ¦·Î ¿¬¼¼´ë ´ëÇпø ½ÅÇаú ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§ ³í¹®(¡®ºñµ¿°Å °¡Á·°æÇè: ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î¡¯)À» ¾´ ÃÖ¾ç¼÷(48) ¾¾´Â ¡°¼­¾ç¿¡µµ ºñµ¿°Å °¡Á·ÀÌ ¸¹Áö¸¸ ³²Æí È¥ÀÚ °¡Á·°ú ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â Çѱ¹½Ä ±â·¯±â °¡Á·Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¼­±¸¿¡¼­´Â ±³À° ¹®Á¦¶ó¸é Àڳడ Ȧ·Î ±â¼÷Çб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇÏ´Â °Ô ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. Á÷¾÷»óÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯¶ó¸é ³²Æí È¥ÀÚ¼­ ±Ù¹«Áö·Î À̵¿Çϰųª ºÎºÎ ¶Ç´Â °¡Á· Àüü°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀδÙ. ±â·¯±â °¡Á·ÀÇ »ç·Ê´Â Áß±¹ ´ë¸¸ µî À¯±³Àû ÀüÅëÀÌ °­ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¹Ì±¹ Àϰ£Áö ÀÎÅͳ»¼Å³Î Çì·²µå Æ®¸®ºåÀº 2003³â ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£¿¡ Á¶±â À¯ÇÐÀ» ¿Â Áß±¹ °¡Á·ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» º¸µµÇϸ鼭 ÇöÁö¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ µ¹º¸´Â Áß±¹ ¿©¼ºÀÌ ¡®±î¸¶±Í ¾ö¸¶(The Crows)¡¯·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù°í ÀüÇß´Ù. ÀÚ³àÀÇ Çкñ¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿Â°® ±ÄÀºÀÏÀ» ´Ù ÇÏ´Â ½ÇŸ¦ °í¹ßÇÑ Ã¥ Á¦¸ñ¿¡¼­ À¯·¡µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áß±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÃÖ±Ù °æÁ¦·ÂÀÌ ±Þ¼ºÀåÇϰí, ÇÑ ÀÚ³à °¡Á¤ÀÌ ¸¹Àºµ¥´Ù ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ µî À¯ÇÐÀÌ ½¬¿î È­±³ ¹®È­±ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ ±â·¯±â °¡Á·À» ºÎäÁúÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

°°Àº À¯±³ ¹®È­±ÇÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀϺ»Àº »çÁ¤ÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ÀϹÝÈ­µÈ ¡®ºñµ¿°Å °¡Á·¡¯ »ç·Ê´Â ¡®´Ü½ÅÈÄ´Ñ(Ó¤ãóݹìò)¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. ³²ÆíÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¹ß·É ¹ÞÀ¸¸é È¥ÀÚ¼­ ±Ù¹«Áö·Î ¿Å°Ü °¡´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀϺ»¾î °­»ç¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¿À´Ï½Ã µµ½Ã¹ÌÄ¡(ÓÞà¤ý­÷ס¤48) ¾¾´Â ¡°¸í¹®´ë ÀÔÇÐÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â À¯Ä¡¿ø ÀÔÇÐ °æÀïÀÌ Ä¡¿­ÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ÀϺ»ÀÇ ±³À°¿­µµ °ú¿­ÀÌÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ °°Àº ±â·¯±â °¡Á·Àº µå¹°´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°ÀϺ»¿¡¼± ¿µ¾î ¿Ü¿¡µµ ÇйúÀÇ Á߿伺°ú ÀÚ³àÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû ¼±ÅÃ±Ç µîÀ» °í·ÁÇϱ⠶§¹®¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

±×·¯¸é ¿Ö À¯µ¶ Çѱ¹¿¡ ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü°¡ ¸¹À»±î? Çѱ¹ ±³À° Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ¿Í ±³À°À» ÅëÇÑ »çȸÀû ½ÅºÐ »ó½Â ¿å±¸, °æÁ¦Àû ¼ºÀå°ú ¼¼°èÈ­ µîÀÌ ¸Â¹°·Á ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ºÐ¼®ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶Àº ±³¼ö´Â ¡°Çѱ¹ÀÇ °¡Á·Àº ¾öû³­ ¼Óµµ·Î º¯Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °¡Á·ÀÇ ÇüÅÂÁ¶Â÷ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÆ´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°±â·¯±â ¾Æºü´Â Çѱ¹ »çȸÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀû, ±¸Á¶Àû °áÇÔÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÏ´Â °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÃÖ ¾¾´Â ¡°±â·¯±â °¡Á·µéÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡¸£´õ¶óµµ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Àڳฦ Àß Å°¿ì°Ú´Ù´Â ¸ñÇ¥°¡ ½Å³äÈ­µÈ »ç·Ê°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ »çȸ Çö½Ç ¼ÓÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÇØ°áµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é »óȲÀº °³¼±µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±è°©½Ä ±âÀÚ dunanworld@donga.com

Phuong Ly. 2005. ¡°A Wrenching Choice.¡± The Washington Post, January 9, 2005, pp. A1, A14-A15.

They are called 'kirogi,' or wild geese ¤Ñ South Korean families separated by an ocean. The parents want their children to be taught in the United States, but the cost of an American education can be the fracturing of the family, often for years. This is the story of one kirogi family.

he flag of South Korea hung high above Hannah Kim's head as she sat in her Howard County classroom, listening to the day's lesson on immigration. Her social studies teacher described how 14 million people have immigrated to this country since 1990, the year before many of these seventh-graders were born. "Fourteen million," repeated Cliff Bernstein, looking around. "Why do people want to come to the United States so badly?" Jobs and homes and democracy, one girl offered hesitantly. A couple of students doodled in their notebooks; others stared into space. Hannah's hand shot up. "They want to learn English and get a better education," she said.

¡â Terry, left, and Hannah, far right, watch as their father prepares to catch a train to the airport. (Tracy A. Woodward - The Washington Post)
Education has brought Hannah to this classroom and to a white frame townhouse in Ellicott City. But the price of her American education ¤Ñ and her escape from the relentlessly competitive Korean school system ¤Ñ is a fractured family. Hannah's mother, Jungwon Kim, and two younger siblings are here with her. Her father, Keeyeop Kim, an executive in South Korea, stayed behind to finance his family's life abroad.

They have lived this way ¤Ñ children without a father, wife without a husband ¤Ñ for a year. Their plan is to live this way for nine more years. The Koreans call them kirogi, or wild geese. The birds, a traditional symbol at weddings, mate for life. And they travel great distances to bring back food for their young. Korean officials can't say how many families are kirogi, but they know how many children are leaving the country: 10,000 school-age children left to study overseas in 2002, up from 4,400 in 2000.

Hannah's mother knows at least two other families like hers in their tree-lined subdivision. Several more attend her church. Their numbers swell the ranks of Korean children in Howard County schools: Each year, nearly 400 Korean-speaking students are enrolled in English for Speakers of Other Language classes, making them the largest ethnic group in the program. The families also are turning up in other suburbs with well-regarded public schools. The Korean Embassy Web site links to the home pages of the Fairfax and Montgomery counties' school districts.

¡â The Cost of an American Education: Koreans call families like Keeyeop Kim's "kirogi" ¤Ñ wild geese that mate for life and travel great distances to bring back food for their young. As Kim lives and works in Korea to finance his children's education in America, his wife and family struggle to make the best of life without him. At right, Kim at the casino where he works in Taebaek, Korea. Tracy A. Woodward ¤Ñ The Washington Post
In South Korea, a First World country of broadband Internet and skyscraper shopping malls, society still runs on an education system that dates to the age of kings. Jobs, social status, even marriage prospects often are determined by how well someone performs on national school exams. There is little room for creativity or enterprise.

To live successfully in the family's homeland, Hannah, 13, would have to give up her drums and piano unless she expected to make music a career, the Kims said. Eugene, 11, would have to put away his inline skates to attend after-school tutoring sessions. Even Terry, 4, would be doing something practical, such as studying the IQ tests that the bookstores sell packaged in bright cartoon covers.

"I see the big picture in the U.S.," Jungwon Kim, 38, said. "They can go to a nice college and have time to have a good time with their friends." The Kims are part of a middle-class subset of U.S. immigrants who arrive here not out of financial need but out of a desire to give their children other advantages. For the suburban school districts, the influx of Korean students requires additional resources to teach them English. But many move quickly into regular classes and help raise the school's performance.

Korean society always has placed a premium on an American education, with the English skills and global experience it brings. Keeyeop Kim, Hannah's father, remade his future at age 20 when he went to the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, after failing to score high enough on a foreign service exam and being shut out of South Korea's marquee universities.

With the slots at those universities becoming more precious, many students are leaving well before college. Agencies in Seoul offer to help settle mothers and children in English-speaking countries, and Web sites provide tips on real estate, banking and handling stress. Typically, the mothers enroll in community colleges and apply for student visas, which allow them and their children to immigrate easily. For the Kims, the details of immigrating were simple: Jungwon Kim, who lived in this country with her parents as a teenager, is a U.S. citizen. So are the three children.

But the details of dividing the family have been far more complex. Eugene struggles with English. Hannah feels guilty about her parents' separation. Jungwon Kim finds herself questioning the choices they made. And Keeyeop Kim senses an odd distance from his children: With just three visits in the past year, his chief connection is a nightly phone call. When the phone rings in Ellicott City and the caller ID flashes "Out of Area," they become a family again. "Appa," Eugene will say, grabbing the phone. Daddy.

Best Year Ever

When Hannah thinks about school in Korea, she remembers the afternoon her classmate approached her in tears. The scores for the year-end exams in their school were announced days earlier, and Hannah had finished first in the class. A perfect 100. Her friend received the second-best score. His parents grounded him. Now he was terrified of the next round of testing. This was fourth grade. "I didn't want to live in a place where you get so much pressure," Hannah said, recalling that day.

By Korean standards, the Kims' home town of Taebaek is considered slow-paced. A town of 50,000 tucked in the mountains, it is four hours southeast of Seoul. Still, Hannah soon would be facing the maxim of "four in, five out," a Korean proverb that means those who settle for four hours of sleep a night will get into the most prestigious universities and those who sleep five hours will not. Her classmates already were filing out of school every afternoon onto buses taking them to "cram schools" for hours of tutoring. Her parents did not want that type of future for their children. So in August 2002, before the start of sixth grade, Hannah was sent to live with her grandparents in Howard County. The next summer, her mother and siblings followed, and the Kims bought a townhouse, a Toyota minivan and new furniture.

Here, Hannah's afternoons are filled with band practice, private drum lessons and church youth group. Academically, she has thrived, cycling quickly out of ESOL classes and making the honor roll at Patapsco Middle School. In many ways, she is a typical teenage girl ¤Ñ she hates wearing her glasses, frets over her baby-fat cheeks and cuts out photos of Korean pop stars and Orlando Bloom. But she exudes a self-confidence uncommon for her age; along with the hearts doodled across her notebooks are her mantras: "I won't be marked as average" and "I will be remembered."

"Patapsco is so much fun. This is the best year of my life. Ever," Hannah declared one evening. She and her mother ¤Ñ matching images in their jeans, untucked T-shirt and auburn-tinted hair ¤Ñ were lingering over their dinner of Korean barbecue beef. "What about next year?" Jungwon Kim asked. "Mom, are you going to kill me if my grades are underwater? You know, 'under C.' Get it?" Her mother shot her a look of mock threat: "I'll have to think about going back to Korea." "Then I'll get all F's," Hannah retorted. "I've forgotten most of my Korean." Kim touched her daughter's hand lightly. "No, I don't care if you don't get straight A's. But I know you probably will. You work hard. You're special and you're smart," she said, and then smirked. "Because your mom's smart." "I'll say my dad's smart, but you, I don't know," Hannah replied.

Her mother doesn't look offended. She began reminiscing about her husband, whom she met in college. Hannah said nothing. That night, she was scouring the living room for her drumsticks when she stopped suddenly. The sticks were lying on the end table. So were the framed family snapshots, two pictures taken at Tokyo Disneyland, the family's last big vacation before Hannah left. "I kind of feel sorry, mostly for my mom," Hannah said, looking at the photo of herself, Eugene and their father sitting on a park bench. "She can't have a husband because of us. If we weren't here, why would she leave her husband?" She picked up her drumsticks and pounded the couch.

'Don't Need a Husband'

The light in the freezer refused to blink on. Jungwon Kim could still see the ice pops that the children wanted that summer evening, but the burned-out bulb bothered her. She screwed in a 60-watt and watched the freezer light up. "See," she said smiling. "I'm good at these things. Don't need a husband." She has trouble believing it. In the mornings, she cannot attend the sunrise service at her church ¤Ñ a ritual she observed faithfully in Korea ¤Ñ because she doesn't want to leave the children alone in the house. The maintenance of the minivan, which she calls a "man's job," is her responsibility. When three of her sisters and their husbands took a vacation to Europe this summer, she didn't join them. "Couples only," she said.

She misses the companionship of the man she calls her lifetime friend. "When I get moody, I think about my husband and think, why am I doing this alone?" she said. "I'm sure God has a special purpose for my family. I don't know what it is." The decision to split the family did not come easily, Kim recalled. She and her husband considered coming here together, as her parents did years ago. But her father had retired from his job as a police officer when he moved. Keeyeop Kim is at the height of his career, director of slot machine operations at South Korea's largest casino.

They talked about opening a business, as many Korean families do. But Jungwon Kim said the pressures of running a seven-day-a-week grocery or dry cleaners would mean the children might be, in a sense, losing both parents. Ultimately, Keeyeop Kim decided the family should go on without him. Jungwon Kim said she hesitated but finally resolved that she could not ask him to give up his career and the status of his executive position. She experienced something like that herself when they moved back to Korea years ago and she was expected to stay home with the children, despite having a college degree.

She said she now believes her role as a full-time mother is a blessing. But she recognizes that the burden of cultural expectation falls squarely on Korean men. "Being Korean, in that way, I know I can't push my husband too much." Her pastor in Columbia said he understands the dilemma. "Biblically, the husband and wife should stay together, rain or shine. But this is not a black-and-white matter," said the Rev. Jonathan Song of the Korean American Church of the Philippi. "In Korea, only one in 10 children can bear the education system. What about the remaining nine?"

He said he knows several kirogi families in his congregation. One man missed his wife and children so much that he joined them, coming on a tourist visa and staying illegally. Now he works at a restaurant, busing tables. In Korea, he had an office. He asked his pastor whether he made the right choice. Song closed his eyes. "It's almost unthinkable for a man of his stature to do this," he said.

In many ways, Kim said, her husband is making a bigger sacrifice than she is. Here, at least she has the children and her extended family. And increasingly, she has a circle of friends, including other kirogi mothers. The separation is bearable, Kim said, when she thinks about the advantages they are giving their children. Still she worries about the children, especially Terry, who was just 3, and her father's pet, when the family moved here. Sometimes, she gives the little girl a test. "Where's Daddy?" she asks her. Terry always answers that he's in Korea ¤Ñ working to buy her things, such as Barbies and Hello Kitty toys. Kim said she worries that one day, her youngest child will ask why.

Missing Korea

It was time for dinner, but all Eugene could think about was math homework. He loves math, except for word problems. Numbers are a snap; they look the same in Korean. Words don't. Does "minus" mean the same as "subtract"? Eugene handed his worksheet to his mother. Hannah jumped in: "When are we going to stop helping Eugene with his homework? We've helped him for nine months already." Eugene glared at her. Try your best in school, Kim told her son in Korean. No more video games. Eugene stomped downstairs to the playroom and slammed the door. Unlike Hannah, Eugene was not having the best year of his life.

Twice, Kim had been called up to Hollifield Station Elementary School by Eugene's fourth-grade teacher. Eugene had been involved in shoving arguments after he had trouble expressing himself in English. He would stand up in class and walk to the window, staring outside. Eugene wasn't the perfect student back home, Kim acknowledged, but this year has been unusually tough. Of the three children, Eugene is most like his father, often shy about speaking to people he doesn't know well. And of the three, Eugene seems to feel his father's absence most acutely. Eugene has told his mother that he would like to go back to Korea. Because that has not happened, he has made his life here as Korean as possible. All his friends are Korean. When it is "Drop Everything and Read" time in school, he pulls out a Korean book. He uses less English than Terry, who is in preschool but already knows the "SpongeBob SquarePants" theme song.

His teachers said Eugene is bright and are puzzled by his struggle with English. A Korean-speaking outreach liaison works at the school. In the afternoons, Eugene spends an hour with an ESOL teacher. On Tuesdays, he attends an after-school "homework club" for immigrant children. One in eight students at Hollifield Station has limited English skills. Still, the school's standardized test scores top the state average. Even the scores for ESOL students are at the state average. Many teachers have noticed the influx of Koreans and are flattered that these families have traveled so far to reach their classrooms. Eugene comes from a middle-class background and, in that sense, is like most of Hollifield Station's students. He also has a stay-at home mother who speaks English, an unusual asset for an immigrant child. Kim, however, knows she is not enough. "Of course Eugene is missing something. . . ," she said. "He doesn't have his father."

Boys often have the hardest time adjusting to the separations, said Sue Song, a mental health consultant in Howard County who has worked with about 20 kirogi mothers and their teenage sons in the past two years. The boys have failed classes, flown into violent rages and experimented with drugs. One family gave up and went back to Korea. "They make a decision based on an idealistic situation, not so much based on reality," Song said. "When the years go by, a lot of things can happen." Kim recognizes that and said she wants to shield her children from additional pressure. "I'll never tell Hannah and Eugene, 'You have to make good grades because Mom and Dad are suffering,' " she said. "I'll never say that. They didn't ask us to do it this way."

By the end of the school year, Eugene began to make some progress. He raised his hand in class, especially during math, in which he excels. He shared with some non-Korean classmates the games on his handheld computer. Still, he didn't like to speak much English. "It not fun," he said. Fourth grade ended with a project on poetry. Eugene managed to fill a blank book with short rhymes, and his teacher, Jennifer Wilkins, praised him for his cover artwork: an aqua-blue house, red flowers and a big tree with a little cicada on the trunk. Wilkins told the class to give their books one final touch: a dedication. As usual, most of the students started working right away. As usual, Eugene looked around the room.

Wilkins bent down beside Eugene and tried to explain what a dedication is. Eugene raised his eyebrows: "Mwoh?" It is a Korean word that Wilkins understood because Eugene said it so often. "Mwoh?" What? She called over Justin, a Korean American boy. "It's like who inspired these poems," she said. "If he was going to give this book to someone, who would he give it to?" Justin translated. Eugene finally understood. He took a pencil and, in unsure print, wrote: "This book is for my dad because my dad in Korea."

Hedging His Bets

Halfway around the world in Taebaek, Dad was walking outside his high-rise apartment building. Dozens of dragonflies were darting around the deserted parking lot. It was a gray, drizzly Sunday, the only free time in the six-day Korean workweek. Keeyeop Kim spent the morning in church. Except he missed half the service when someone from the casino called his cell phone. He would spend the rest of the day home alone, with file folders of paperwork. He shrugged. He had nothing else to do.

Across the parking lot, a little girl giggled. She was running, her arms propelling her like wings, and she breezed past Kim. Her mother followed, a bright blue net in hand. They were chasing dragonflies. "A couple of years ago," Kim said quietly, "Eugene caught hundreds of dragonflies." In the family's three-bedroom flat, all the children's furniture is gone. Eugene's room, with its sailboat wallpaper, has been turned into his father's office. On the computer, the weather is set to Ellicott City. Hannah's room houses an exercise bike and a weight machine. Snapshots of the children hang on the refrigerator.

Out on the balcony sat two blue American Tourister suitcases. Nearby, there was a new purchase: a set of Ping golf clubs. "There was nothing to do after I sent my family to the States," Kim said of playing the sport. Of course, the golf ¤Ñ like everything else in his life ¤Ñ is intertwined with work. He was recently elected chairman of the employees' golf club, and his casino is building a world-class golf course. Kangwon Land rises, all glittering glass and marble, amid the low-slung buildings of this coal-mining region.

When Kim strides through the resort's chandelier-lighted halls, employees bow. He is a slight man who commands attention in his Italian suit and Cartier watch. Inside the cavernous casino, Kim outlined his challenges with the precision of a math professor: where to position the machines to draw the most customers; how to increase slots revenue compared with the table games; which coins people are more likely to use in their wager. Kangwon Land's $300 million annual profit puts it in the ranks of such casinos as the Bellagio in Las Vegas, he said.

Not that it would be possible, he said, to become a top executive at the Bellagio or any other U.S. casino. Every Asian person he knows in U.S. casinos has a job on the marketing side, which he said is not in line with his shy, by-the-numbers personality. He worried about his lack of any network in the United States. And he is 39. It is not an age for starting over, he said. "I want to be at the top," said Kim, who supervises 101 people. He will retire at 49, he has decided, 10 years without his family. "It's a sacrifice," he acknowledged. "I don't live with the family. That's what parents do for the kids." It is also a gamble.

A steady stream of stories in Korean newspapers depicts a shadow society of lonely fathers spiraling into depression. Many move from their empty homes into "officetels," or single rooms with maid service. Some are gaining weight on fast food and frozen dinners. Others are succumbing to what one newspaper delicately called "temptations," or sexual affairs. Several have committed suicide.

Han Jun Sang, a professor of education at Yonsei University in Seoul, said the kirogi phenomenon undermines the strong Korean belief that fathers are the head of the household. Without regular contact, the children will rebel against the father's authority, Han said, and his wife will become more independent. The fathers, Han said, "shrink psychologically." Keeyeop Kim knows something about gambling. The only card game he plays is blackjack. And only for a half-hour at a time. Because if you play too long, he said, you can lose everything .

A Whirlwind Reunion

Jungwon Kim had a deadline and could not believe what the sales clerk at Sears was telling her: All the store's photographers were booked for the week. Kim insisted; she begged. Her husband was here in Ellicott City, for only a week. She didn't know when he might be back. Finally, the Kims were squeezed into a Friday slot. Their family life in Howard County, compressed into a visit of eight days, seven nights, was a whirlwind. They saw friends and relatives in Howard; they watched sports on television; they ate out every night. There was a day trip to Hagerstown to shop for school clothes at the outlet mall and an open house at Hollifield Station to meet Eugene's teachers. For a wedding anniversary that was months away, Kim ordered his wife a Gucci purse and had it shipped express mail so he could give it to her in person.

One evening, Keeyeop Kim measured the children, as he did during his visit last January, and marked their heights on a piece of tape against the refrigerator. Hannah and Terry had grown about an inch; Eugene had shot up more than two inches. But Keeyeop Kim's work intruded every day. Phone calls from his colleagues in Korea interrupted dinner. What bothered his wife, though, was that some of his time online ¤Ñ and away from the family ¤Ñ wasn't about work. Once, he was simply checking the CNN Web site.

By the final day of his visit, Jungwon Kim expressed some of the frustration she had been feeling for months. "He doesn't need a wife," she scoffed. Keeyeop Kim was anxious, too. He felt like a visitor, more like an uncle than a father or husband. Terry has called the Ellicott City townhouse "our house" and told her father the apartment back in South Korea is "your house." Kim, suddenly unsure of his decision to live this way for a full 10 years, began considering other options: retiring earlier or finding another job.

As he waited for a relative to pick him up, the children were scattered about the house. Eugene was in the living room, watching television with a neighborhood friend. Hannah was updating her Web diary to note that her dad was leaving: "sniff* i'll miss him . . . church was awesome today . . . the message was really . . . meaningful . . . what i just needed." Terry played games on the Barbie Web site. At 3 p.m., it was time for Daddy to go, and Terry erupted into tears.

But not for her father. Her mother had shut off the computer. Terry wailed for Barbie. Finally, Keeyeop Kim scooped the little girl into his arms and walked to the front door. He gave her a kiss. He hugged Eugene and Hannah and told them to be good. Listen to your mother, he said in Korean. Study hard. He patted his wife on the cheek. Her eyes were red; so were his. Hannah leaned against the door, weeping. Eugene immersed himself in his GameBoy. Terry forgot about Barbie and began crying for her father.

Outside, a car door slammed. Two weeks later, Jungwon Kim picked up the family portrait. The large, silver-framed picture of her husband ¤Ñ hand on her shoulder, surrounded by their three beaming children ¤Ñ hangs in the living room. In Korea, Keeyeop Kim has a smaller copy, tucked in his wallet.

Staff writer Phuong Ly and staff photographer Tracy A. Woodward reported this story in Ellicott City and Taebaek, South Korea. Besides photographs of the Kim family and Korean schools, other stories exploring the separation and sacrifices that immigrant families endure can be found at www.washingtonpost.com/metro.

À±µ¿¿µ. 2005. ¡¸WP, Çѱ¹ `±â·¯±â ¾Æºü' °¡Á¤ Å©°Ô ¼Ò°³¡¹. ¡ì¿¬ÇÕ´º½º¡í 2005¡¤1¡¤10.

(¿ö½ÌÅÏ=¿¬ÇÕ´º½º) À±µ¿¿µ ƯÆÄ¿ø = Çѱ¹ÀÇ Á¶±â À¯Çлý ±ÞÁõ Çö»óÀ» ¹Ý¿µ, Çѱ¹ÀÇ `±â·¯±â ¾Æºü' °¡Á¤ÀÇ ½ÇŰ¡ 9ÀÏÀÚ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Æ÷½ºÆ®¿¡ 1¸é°ú 14-15¸é 3°³¸é¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Å©°Ô ¼Ò°³µÆ´Ù. °­¿ø·£µå ½½·Ô¸Ó½Å ¿î¿µÃ¥ÀÓÀÚÀÎ ±è±â¿±(39)¾¾ °¡Á¤À» ¼ÒÀç·Î ÇÑ ÀÌ ±â»ç´Â ŹéÀÇ ±è¾¾ ¾ÆÆÄÆ®¿Í º¼Æ¼¸ð¾î ³²ÂÊ ¿¤¸®ÄÆ ½Ã¿¡¼­ ¼¼ ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç´Â ºÎÀÎ ±èÁ¤¿ø(38)¾¾ÀÇ ÁýÀ» ¿À°¡¸ç 10ÀåÀÇ »çÁøÀ» °çµé¿© ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü °¡Á¤ÀÇ ºû°ú ±×´ÃÀ» ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¿©Áá´Ù.

½Å¹®Àº "±â·¯±â´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅë °áÈ¥½Ä¿¡¼­ Æò»ý ¹Ý·ÁÀÇ »ó¡À̰í, ¸Õ °Å¸®¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¸ÔÀ̸¦ Àâ¾Æ »õ³¢µéÀ» ¸ÔÀÌ´Â »õ"¶ó¸ç Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü °¡Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ `¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ±³À°(¸ÔÀÌ)½Ã۱â À§ÇØ ÅÂÆò¾çÀ» »çÀÌ¿¡ µÎ°í °¥¶óÁø °¡Á¤'À̶ó°í ¹Ì±¹ µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ½Å¹®Àº Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ °ü°èÀÚµµ ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü °¡Á¤ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÆÄ¾ÇµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, Á¶±â À¯Çлý¼ö´Â Áö³­ 2002³â ÇÑÇØ¸¸ 1¸¸¸í¿¡ À̸¥´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù¸ç ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü °¡Á¤ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ÁüÀÛÇß´Ù. ±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¸¦ ¾ç»êÇÑ Á¶±â À¯ÇÐ ±ÞÁõ ¿øÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å¹®Àº "Çѱ¹Àº ÀÎÅͳݰú ÃʰíÃþ »ó°¡ ¸é¿¡¼± ¼±Áø ±¹°¡ÀÌÁö¸¸, »çȸÀûÀ¸·Ð ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿ÕÁ¶½Ã´ëÀÇ ±³À°Ã¼Á¦¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â ³ª¶ó"¶ó¸ç "Á÷¾÷°ú »çȸÀû ÁöÀ§´Â ¹°·Ð ¹è¿ìÀÚ¸¶Àúµµ ½ÃÇè ¼ºÀû¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÊÀ¸·Î½á âÁ¶¼ºÀ̳ª ±â¾÷½ÉÀÌ ¼³ ÀÚ¸®°¡ ¾ø´Ù"°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. ½Å¹®Àº ¶Ç "Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡¼± ¿µ¾î ±¸»ç·Â°ú ±¹Á¦°æÇèÀ̶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹ ±³À° ¹è°æÀÌ ¿ì´ë¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù"¸ç "ÀÏ·ù´ë ÀÔÇй®ÀÌ Á¡Á¡ Á¼¾ÆÁü¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±â À¯ÇÐÀÌ ´Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

ÀÌ ±â»ç¿¡¼­ Àå³à Çѳª´Â ÃʵîÇб³ 4Çг⠶§ Àڽſ¡°Ô µÚÁ® 2µîÀ» ÇÑ Ä£±¸°¡ Áý¿¡¼­ ¾ß´Ü¸Â°í ¿ï´ø ±â¾ïÀ» ¶°¿Ã¸®¸ç "±×·¸°Ô ¾Ð¹Ú ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù"¸ç "Áö³­ 1³âÀÌ ³» »ý¾Ö ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÇØ"¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÆÄž½ºÄÚ ÁßÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â Çѳª´Â À¯ÇÐ 1³â¸¸¿¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ Çлý ¿µ¾î ±³½À¹ÝÀ» Á¹¾÷Çϰí Çб³ ¼ºÀûµµ ¿ìµîÀ̸ç, ¹æ°ú ÈÄ Çб³ ¹êµå Ȱµ¿°ú µå·³ °³ÀÎ ±³½À, ±³È¸ ¸ðÀÓ µî ¹Ì±¹ »ýȰ¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ÃʵîÇб³ 4ÇгâÀÎ ¾Æµé À¯ÁøÀº ¼¼¾ÆÀÌ Áß °¡Àå ¾Æºü¸¦ º¸°í½Í¾î Çϸ鼭 Çѱ¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°í ½Í´Ù´Â ¸»Çϰí, Çѱ¹ ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú¸¸ »ç±Í°í Çб³ µ¶¼­ ½Ã°£¿¡µµ Çѱ¹Ã¥À» ²¨³»µå´Â µî ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿µ¾î¿¡ ¼­Åø »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó "¿µ¾î´Â Àç¹Ì¾ø´Ù"¸ç ¿µ¾î¸¦ Àß ¾²·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·Ã, ÇÏ¿öµå Ä«¿îƼ¿¡¼­ Áö³­ 2³â °£ `±â·¯±â ¾ö¸¶'¿Í 10´ë ¾ÆµéµéÀ» °üÂûÇÑ »ó´ã¿ø ¼ö¿¡ ¼ÛÀº ³²ÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¾Æºü¿Í ¶³¾îÁ® »ç´Â »ýȰ¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇϱâ Èûµé¾î ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Á¾Á¾ ÀÖ´Ù¸ç "³»°¡ »ó´ãÇÑ ³²ÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ³«Á¦, ºÐ³ë Æø¹ß, ¾à¹° µîÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÇÑ °¡Á·Àº Æ÷±âÇϰí Çѱ¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡±âµµ Çß´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÀÌ »ó´ã¿øÀº "ºÎ¸ðµéÀÌ Çö½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àß µÇ´Â °æ¿ì¸¸ °¡»óÇØ (±â·¯±â °¡Á·) °áÁ¤À» ³»¸®´Âµ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³¯¼ö·Ï (¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ) ÀϵéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù"°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.

ºÎÀÎ ±è¾¾´Â ³²Æí°ú ¶³¾îÁ® »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÀ̵é Àå·¡¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é °¨¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À̰í, ³ÃÀå°íÀÇ °íÀå³­ ±ô¹ÚÀ̵îÀ» ½º½º·Î °íÄ£ ÈÄ "ºÁ¿ä, ³²ÆíÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¾ø¾î¿ä"¶ó°í ³ó´ãÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª "±âºÐÀÌ ¿ïÀûÇÒ ¶§´Â ³²ÆíÀ» »ý°¢Çϸ鼭 ¿Ö ³» È¥ÀÚ ÀÌ·¯°í ÀÖÁö¶ó´Â »ý°¢À» ÇÑ´Ù"°í ±è¾¾´Â µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

½Å¹®Àº ¿Ü·Î¿î ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüµéÀÇ ºñ¸¸Áõ¼¼, ¿Üµµ, ÀÚ»ì µî¿¡ °üÇÑ Çѱ¹ ¾ð·ÐÀÇ º¸µµ¸¦ ¼Ò°³Çϸ鼭 ¾Æºü ±è¾¾´Â °¡Á·°ú ¶³¾îÁ® »ç´Â °Ô Èñ»ýÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇßÁö¸¸ "ÀÌ´Â ¶ÇÇÑ µµ¹ÚÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù"°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. ±è¾¾´Â ªÀº ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ºÎÀΰú ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú ½Ã°£À» ÇÔ²² º¸³ÂÀ¸³ª ¾ÆÀ̵é°ú °Å¸®°¨ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æºü³ª ³²ÆíÀ̶ó±âº¸´Ù´Â »ïÃÌÀÌ ¹æ¹®ÇÑ °Í °°Àº ´À³¦ÀÌ µå´Â Á¡ÀÌ °ÆÁ¤½º·´´Ù.

ºÎÀÎ ±è¾¾ ¿ª½Ã ³²ÆíÀÌ Àڱ⠰翡 ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­µµ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼­ÇÎÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í ³²ÆíÀÌ Çѱ¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡±â Àü³¯ Áö³­ ¼ö°³¿ù°£ ǰ¾î¿Â ´À³¦, "±× »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ³»°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù"´Â »ý°¢À» ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Æ÷½ºÆ® ±âÀÚ¿¡°Ô Åоî³õ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ³²Æí ±è¾¾´Â ´çÃÊ °­¿ø·£µå ÃÖ°í°æ¿µÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î 10³â ÈÄ ÀºÅðÇØ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °¡Á·µé°ú ÇÕ·ùÇÏ·Á´ø °èȹÀ» ¹Ù²ã ´õ »¡¸® ±×¸¸ µÎ°Å³ª Á÷¾÷À» ¹Ù²Ù´Â °Íµµ »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù. À±µ¿¿µ ƯÆÄ¿ø ydy@yna.co.kr


Jane Perlez. 2005. ¡°Seeking Singapore schools, meeting hostility.¡± The New York Times, September 23, 2003.

INGAPORE: Propelled by his parents' ambitions, Han Weiding, 13, left behind all that he knew in China and decamped this summer with his mother to this city-state to go to school. In a cramped apartment, he struggles with English homework. After two months, the television cartoons are still unintelligible to him, and his ultimate goal of fluent English seems frustratingly far away. His mother, a poorly educated woman, remains without a job.

In the past several years, thousands of Chinese women ¤Ñ no one is quite sure of the precise number ¤Ñ have brought their children for schooling to Singapore, where the first language is English but where the population is dominated by descendants of scrappy immigrants who fled the Chinese mainland generations ago. Officially, the students and their mothers have been welcomed: The vigilant Singaporean government grants them official documents on arrival. But elsewhere, the reception has been chilly, with scarce work for the women and rude remarks about their true intentions. In many ways, the reaction to the newcomers reflects the anxieties that glittering but stagnant Singapore feels as it meets aspiring and fast-growing China. For years, Lee Kwan Yew, the founder of modern Singapore and now its elder statesman, warned his people that their ancestral homeland - "the dragon with a long tail," he called it - would inevitably become a force to be reckoned with.

As that reality sets in, Singapore has been taking steps to cash in on China's relatively new riches. China is now one of Singapore's biggest export markets. Affluent, smartly dressed Chinese tourists come here to shop, dropping thousands of dollars on branded clothes on just one trip. The Economic Development Board has announced plans to open a private university and specialist schools in cooking and hotel management to attract fee-paying Chinese students. In an effort to raise standards in Singapore's classrooms, the Ministry of Education has offered scholarships to talented students from China to attend government primary and secondary schools, and universities.

But for some Singaporeans, the determination of the Chinese to succeed, and their increasing mobility, represents a threat. The "study mothers," as the women have been called, are one small but visible example. A book published last year called "The Crows" describes the newcomers as women who go into the massage business, sometimes into prostitution. Newspapers have begun writing about the women as marriage-breakers.

In reality, the Chinese women, who rarely speak English, find it tough to find work in the recession-plagued economy, said Chen Hua, 35, who came to Singapore two years ago and has written a book defending the women. If they do find jobs, they are often accused of elbowing aside Singaporeans. They find affordable accommodations scarce. "A lot of the mothers come from the provinces where people do not speak English, and they want their children to be able to listen to English all around them and to learn it," said Chen, who arrived with the same goals as the "study mothers" but has the advantage of a well-to-do husband to support her and her two children. "When they get here, the mothers often do not know there will be a lot of extra expenses for tuition," Chen said. "They don't know how expensive an apartment will be, or how hard it will be to get a job." At fault, she said, are unscrupulous agents who place advertisements in Chinese newspapers with glowing promises of well-paid jobs and easily affordable schooling. The agents prey on the desire of Chinese parents to make sure their children get the best, she said.

Also, the Singapore government should be more understanding, Chen said. Last month, for example, the Ministry of Manpower issued guidelines restricting the hiring of women from China in the hotel, restaurant and massage parlor industries. But as tough as life might be for the newly arrived mothers, they seem determined to hang on. Shao Lin Yun, 39, Weiding's mother, delivered newspapers in their hometown on the Chinese island of Hainan, where her husband is a shrimp farmer. In Singapore, she found a job washing cars but was soon fired. She depended on remittances from her husband to pay for their son's tuition. "The education system in China is good," she said. "But the purpose of coming here is for my son to learn English." When he returns to China after high school, she said, he will have an advantage.

An even more enterprising mother, Yang Fang, 32, from Shanghai, has already moved her son, Qian Qikai, 9, who has mastered colloquial English, from one Singapore primary school to a better one. Her son's new school, Bukit View East, agreed that he could skip the third grade, she said. Yang was agitated, however, because the very top school ended up not being open to her son. The agent in Shanghai had told her that Qikai would be able to sit for the entrance exam to the elite Henry Park Primary School, one of the most sought after primary schools in Singapore. That turned out not to be possible. But she seems undeterred by the rejection. When asked what's next for Qikai after school in Singapore, she replied, "America." By Jane Perlez. The New York Times. Tuesday, September 23, 2003.

¹è¿¬ÇØ. 2003. ¡¸Áß±¹ÆÇ '±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¡¤±î¸¶±Í ¾ö¸¶': ÀÚ³à ÇØ¿Ü Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÐ ¿­Ç³ ¤Ñ 'È¥ÀÚÁö³»´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö' ´Ã°í, '¸ÅÃá ¾î¸Ó´Ï' »çȸ¹®Á¦·Î¡¹. ¡ì¿¬ÇÕ´º½º¡í 2003¡¤9¡¤25.

Áß±¹¿¡¼­ ¿µ¾î ¹è¿ì±â ¿­Ç³ÀÌ ºÒ¸é¼­ ÀÚ³àÀÇ ¿µ¾î±Ç Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ µ¿¹Ý Ãâ±¹ÇÏ´Â »ç·Ê°¡ ±ÞÁõÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿µ¾î ´É·ÂÀÌ ±¸Á÷ÀÇ Áß¿ä ¿ä¼Ò·Î ÀνĵǴ »çȸÀû »óȲ°ú ÀÚ³à ±³À°¿­ÀÌ ¸Â¹°·Á Áß±¹ÀÇ Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÐÀº °æÁ¦Àû ÇüÆí¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ºÕÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ °¡Á·µ¿¹Ý Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÐÀº ¡®±â·¯±â ¾Æºü¡¯¸¦ ¾ç»êÇÏ´Â ÇÑÆí, À¯ÇÐ ÇöÁö¿¡¼­´Â ÀϺΠ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ Çкñ µîÀ» ¹ú±â À§ÇØ ºÒ°ÇÀüÇÑ Á÷¾÷À» °®´Â Çö»óÀ» ³º¾Ò´Ù. Áß±¹ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °¡Á·µ¿¹Ý À¯ÇÐ ´ë»óÁö´Â ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£°¡ ²ÅÈù´Ù. ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ Àα¸ÀÇ ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ ÇÑÁ·ÀÌ¶ó ¹®È­Àû ģȭ¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÑ µ¥´Ù °ø¿ë¾îÀÎ ¿µ¾î ¿Ü¿¡ Áß±¹¾î°¡ ³Î¸® ¾²À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ Á¤ºÎµµ Áß±¹ À¯ÇлýÀ» À¯Ä¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÔ±¹ÀýÂ÷ °£¼ÒÈ­, ÀåÇÐ±Ý Áö±Þ µî ÇýÅÃÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÎÅͳ»¼Å³Î ÇØ·²µå Æ®¸®ºå(IHT)Àº 24ÀÏ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£¿¡ Àڳฦ µ¥·Á¿Â Áß±¹ ¿©¼ºÀÌ ¼öõ ¸í¿¡ À̸£Áö¸¸ ¡°À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ÀÎÀÇ Åµµ´Â ¸Å¿ì ½Ò½ÒÇÏ´Ù¡±°í º¸µµÇß´Ù. À̻簡 ÀæÀº µ¥´Ù ¾È¸¶¾÷¼Ò¿¡ Ãë¾÷Çϰųª ¸ÅÃá »ç·Êµµ ÀûÁö ¾Ê¾Æ »çȸ ºÐÀ§±â¸¦ È帮±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ³àÀÇ Çо÷º¸´Ù ºÎ¾÷¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµµ ÈçÇÏ´Ù. ÇöÁö ¾ð·ÐÀº Áß±¹ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£ ³²¼º°ú ºÒ·ûÀ» ÀúÁö¸£´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Æ À̵éÀ» ¡®°¡Á¤ ÆÄ±«ÀÚ¡¯·Î ºÎ¸£±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±âÀ¯ÇÐ Àڳฦ º¸»ìÇÇ´Â Áß±¹ ¿©¼ºÀº ½Ì°¡Æ÷¸£¿¡¼­ ¡®±î¸¶±Í ¾ö¸¶¡¯·Î ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. Áö³­ÇØ ÇÑ Áß±¹ÀÎÀÌ ÀÌµé ¿©¼ºÀÇ ½ÇŸ¦ °í¹ßÇÑ Ã¥ Á¦¸ñÀ» ¡®±î¸¶±Í¡¯·Î ºÙÀÎ µ¥¼­ À¯·¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Áß±¹ÀÎÀÇ À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ÇØÃÆ´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î Áß±¹ ´ç±¹ÀÌ ÃâÆÇ±ÝÁöÇß´Ù. ¹è¿¬ÇØ ±âÀÚ seapower@hk.co.kr

¹Ú³ëȲ. 2005. ¡¸"Çѱ¹ Çпø ¿øÀåÀÌ Ú¸¼± ´ß°øÀå ÀκÎ": Ú¸òµ, Çѱ¹ À̹Π¿­Ç³ ¼Ò°³¡¦ "¾ÆÀÌµé ±³À°°ú ´õ ³ªÀº »î À§ÇØ"¡¹. ¡ì¿¬ÇÕ´º½º¡í 2005¡¤4¡¤26.

ÀÏÀÚ¸® ºÎÁ·, ÀÚ³à ±³À° µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °í¹Î ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇüÆíÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ÁÁÀº ´ëÁ¹ÀÚ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» ã¾Æ ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ì±¹ Á¶Áö¾ÆÁÖ ¾ÖƲ·£Å¸¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇàµÇ´Â ¾ÖƲ·£Å¸ Àú³Î ÄÁ½ºÆ¼Æ©¼Ç(Atlanta Journal-Constitution)ÀÌ 24ÀÏ º¸µµÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ºÎ»ê¿¡¼­ ¼öÇÐ, °úÇÐ ÇпøÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ´ø ±è¸ð(42)¾¾, Á¸½¼¾Ø Á¸½¼ Çѱ¹Áö»çÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å ¿µ¾÷ ºÎ¼­¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´ø ¿ì¸ð(42)¾¾ÀÇ »ç·Ê µîÀ» ¼Ò°³Çϸ鼭 Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ºñ±³Àû ÇüÆíÀÌ ±¦Âú¾Ò´ø ´ëÁ¹ÀÚ Ãâ½Å »ç¹«Á÷ Á¾»çÀÚ¿´´ø À̵éÀÌ Á¶Áö¾ÆÁÖ ³²µ¿ºÎ Ŭ·¢½ºÅÏÀÇ ÇÑ ´ß °øÀå(chicken factory)¿¡¼­ ½Ã°£´ç 7´Þ·¯ÀÇ ÀÓ±ÝÀ» ¹Þ´Â ÀúÀÓÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ·Î, ¿¡¾îÄÁ ¼ö¸®±â¼ú °ß½À»ýÀ¸·Î °¢°¢ º¯½ÅÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù.

±è¾¾´Â Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¸¶´Ù Å״Ͻº¸¦ Áñ±â°Å³ª ¾ß¿Ü·Î ³î·¯ ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¾È¶ôÇÑ »îÀ» ´©·Á¿ÔÀ¸³ª Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ »îÀ» Æ÷±âÇϰí À̹Πºê·ÎÄ¿¿¡°Ô 1¸¸ ´Þ·¯¸¦ Áö±ÞÇϰí ÀÌÁÖ, ¾çº¹ ´ë½Å¿¡ ÀÛ¾÷º¹°ú °í¹« ÀåÈ­, Àå°©À» Âø¿ëÇÑ Ã¤ º¼Ææ ´ë½Å¿¡ µµ»ì¿ë Ä®À» µé°í ´ß ³¯°³¸¦ ¶¼¾î³»´Â ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¾¾ÀÇ °æ¿ì 5³âÀü Á÷Àå¿¡¼­ ÇØ°íµÈ ÈÄ ¼­¿ï¿¡¼­ ½Ä´çÀ» °æ¿µÇÏ´Ù 3³âÀü À̹ÎÀ» ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ¿¡¾îÄÁ ¼ö¸® ±â¼úÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â µ¿¾È ºÎÀÎÀº ´ß°øÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±è¾¾´Â "°íµÇ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÀÌµé ±³À°°ú ´õ ³ªÀº »îÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¹àÇûÀ¸¸ç. ¿ì¾¾´Â "Çѱ¹ °æÁ¦´Â ħüµÇ°í ÀÖ°í, ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ¹Ì·¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇϰíÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÁÁÀº Á÷ÀåÀ» ¾òÀ» ±âȸ°¡ ¾ø¾î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̰÷À¸·Î ¿Â´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

À̵é Çѱ¹ À̹ÎÀÚ´Â ¹Ì±¹ ÇöÁöÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ä¿ï ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±â¾÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀ» ä¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ ³ëµ¿ºÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¥¿¡ µû¶ó Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ Àӽà À̹ΠºñÀÚ¸¦ ¹ÞÀº µÚ ¾ÖƲ·£Å¸ÀÇ ÇÏÃ÷ÇÊÆ® Àè½¼ ±¹Á¦ °øÇ׿¡ ¼Ó¼Ó µµÂøÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ÎÀÚµéÀº ÀÌÁÖÈÄ 6ÁÖ³» Àü°¡Á·ÀÌ ¿µÁÖ±ÇÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸ç, 5³âÈÄ¿¡´Â ¹Ì±¹ ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀ» ½ÅûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

À̹ÎÀÚµéÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °®°í ¿Â Àç»êÀº Æò±Õ 20¸¸ ´Þ·¯

Á¶Áö¾ÆÁÖ¿¡¼­ Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÇ ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ µ½°í ÀÖ´Â ´ë´Ï¾ó À̾¾´Â ¿ù¿äÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§ ¸¶´Ù ´ëÇÑÇ×°ø(KAL) 0035ÆíÀ¸·Î ¾ÖƲ·£Å¸ °øÇ׿¡ µµÂøÇÏ´Â ÀºÇà¿ø, ±³»ç, °ü¸®Á÷ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ Çѱ¹Àεé°ú ±× °¡Á·µéÀ» ÀÌ¹Ì Çѱ¹ÀÎ Á¤ÂøÃÌÀÌ µÅ ¹ö¸° ½ºÅ×ÀÌÃ÷º¸·ÎÀÇ ¸Åµð½¼ ¸Þµµ¿ì¾ÆÆÄÆ®·Î ¿Å°Ü ³ª¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.

·©½ºÅÏ ÃʵîÇб³ 700¸íÀÇ ÀçÇлýÁß Çѱ¹ ÇлýÀº 110¸íÀ̳ª µÈ´Ù. ¹ú·ÎÅ© Ä«¿îƼÀÇ °¢±Þ Çб³¿¡´Â ¿Ã ¿¬¸»±îÁö ÃÖ´ë 300¸íÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀÎ ÇлýµéÀÌ »õ·Î µî·ÏÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÎ ºÎ¸ðµéÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ±³»çµé¿¡°Ô ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇØ ¼öÇаú °úÇÐÀ» ¿­½ÉÈ÷ °¡¸£ÃÄ ´Þ¶ó°í ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀڽĵéÀÇ Çѱ¹ À̸§ ´ë½Å ¹Ì±¹½Ä ¹ßÀ½ÀÇ À̸§À» ºÒ·¯ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¹®Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÎ À̹ÎÀÚµéÀÇ ´ë°Å À¯ÀÔÀ¸·Î ¿µ¾î±³À° °úÁ¤ ¿î¿µÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¹»ê ¹®Á¦, ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ »©¾Ñ±æ °ÍÀ» ¿ì·ÁÇÏ´Â È÷½ºÆÐ´Ð°è À̹ÎÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ì·ÁÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®µµ ³ª¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù°íÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº ÀüÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å¹®Àº 1990³â´ë¿¡µµ ¸Å³â 2¹é¸í Á¤µµÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ ¸Þ¸±·£µå, ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ, µ¨¶ó¿þ¾îÁÖÀÇ ´ß °øÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÀÌÁÖÇØ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀº ´ß°øÀåÀ» ¶°³ª ¼¼Å¹¼Ò, »§Áý, ÁÖ·ù ÆÇ¸ÅÁ¡ µîÀ» ¿î¿µÇÏ¸ç »îÀ» ¿µÀ§Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀüÇß´Ù. (¿ö½ÌÅÏ=¿¬ÇÕ´º½º) ¹Ú³ëȲ ƯÆÄ¿ø

À̱ÔÅÂ. 2002. ¡¸»µ²Ù±â Àΰ£¡¹. ¡ìÁ¶¼±ÀϺ¸¡í 2002¡¤7¡¤25.

¿À¸ñ´«À̶ó´Â ÀÛÀº »õ°¡ Á¦ ¸öÁýº¸´Ù 10¹è³ª Å« »µ²Ù±â »õ³¢¸¦ ¸Ô¿©±â¸£´Â Àå¸éÀÌ Æ÷ÂøµÇ¾î ¾îÁ¦ º¸µµµÇ¾ú´Ù. »µ²Ù±â´Â Á¦ÁýÀ» ÁþÁö ¾Ê°í ²Ò²¿¸® µî ´Ù¸¥ »õ µÕÁö¿¡ ¸ô·¡ ¾ËÀ» ³º¾Æ³õ´Â´Ù. ³º¾Æ ¸Ã±ä ¾ËÀ̶óÇÏ¿© ʶõ(öþÕ°)À̶ó°í Çϳª ½ÇÀº ¼ÓÀÓ¼ö·Î ³º¾Æ³õ´Â »ç¶õ(ÞñÕ°)ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·³ Á¦ ¾ËÀÎ ÁÙ ¾Ë°í ǰ¾î ºÎÈ­½Ã۴µ¥ »µ²Ù±â ¾ËÀÌ ÀÏÂï ºÎÈ­, ´Ù¸¥ ¾ËµéÀ» µÕÁö ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ¶¼¹Ð¾î ±úÆ®·Á ¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×°Íµµ ¸ð¸£°í Á¦ »õ³¢ÀÎ Áٷθ¸ ¾Ë°í ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ³¯¶ó´Ù ¸Ô¿© ±â¸¥´Ù. ±×·¡¼±Áö »µ²Ù±âÀÇ À̹ÌÁö´Â ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÁÁö°¡ ¾Ê´Ù.

È£(û×) »µ²Ù±â ¿ì´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¡¸±Å´Ù»çü(άöè߯ôÝ) À̹ÙÀٰ̹Å(ìéÛÝø¢ËÁ)¡¹·Î µè´Â´Ù. °û(ά)À̶ó´Â »ç³ªÀ̰¡ ±×ÀÇ Ã¸À» 108¹ø ¶§·Á¼­ Á׿´´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö(èÞ) »µ²Ù±â ¿ì´Â ¼Ò¸®´Â¡¸µ«º¥°¡ÄÉ´ÙÄ«(ô¸ ÎÐÍÔ)¡¹·Î µè´Â´Ù´øµ¥ ÇÏ´Ã ³ôÀº ÁÙ ¸ð¸£´Â ÀÌÄÚ³ë¹Í ¾Ö´Ï¸ÖÀÇ ÀÌÀ± Ãß±¸¸¦ ºø´í ¿ª½Ã ¸¶À̳ʽº À̹ÌÁö´Ù. °£ÅëÇÑ ¾Æ³»¸¦ °¡Áø »ç³ªÀ̸¦ ¡¸ÄîÄõ塹¶ó Çϴµ¥ ¾ç(åÇ) »µ²Ù±â ¿ì´Â ¼Ò¸®¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÆ°í¤Ñ. ¿ì¸® ÇÑ(ùÛ) »µ²Ù±â´Â ºó°ï ¿°¿øÀÎ Æ÷º¹(øéÜÙ)Æ÷º¹ÇÏ°í ¿ì´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î µé¾ú´Ù. »ê°¨ÀÚ Ä³¾î ´«¸Õ ÇüÀ» Á¤¼ºµé¿© ¸Ô¿©»ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¿ì¸¦ ºÒ½Å, ÇüÀÌ ¶§·Á Á׿´´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡¾ß Áø½ÉÀ» ¾È ÇüÀÌ Á×¾î »µ²Ù±â°¡ µÇ¾î »ê°¨ÀÚ ÀÍ´Â À¯¿ùÀÌ¸é Æ÷º¹Æ÷º¹ÇÏ°í ¿î´Ù ÇÏ´Ï »µ²Ù±â À̹ÌÁö°¡ ÁÁ°Ô ¹ßºÙÀÏ ¶¥Àº ¼¼»ó¿¡ ¾ø´Â °Í °°´Ù.

¹®Á¦´Â Áö±Ý ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯¿¡µµ »µ²Ù±â Àΰ£µéÀÌ ÆÇÀ» Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÁ¤Ãâ»êÀÌ´Ï ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ ±¹Àû µû´Â µ¥ Ç÷¾ÈÀÌ µÇ°í ¿ì¸®¸»µµ ¸øÇÏ´Â ¾Æ±âµé¿¡°Ô ¿µ¾î¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ºÕÀÌ ±â½ÂÀ» ºÎ¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ±¹ÀûÀ» ¶¤À¸¸é ±× ³ª¶ó °¡¼­ »ì ÀÏÀÌÁö, »ì±â´Â ³²ÀÇ µÕÁö¿¡¼­ »ì¸ç ÀÌ·Î¿î °ÍÀº ÅÃÇϰí ÀÌ·ÓÁö ¸øÇÑ °ÍÀº ÇÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »µ²Ù±âÀÇ »ç¶õ(ÞñÕ°)°ú ´Ù¸¦ °Ô ¾ø´Ù. Áö³­¹ø Áö¹æ¼±°Å¿¡¼­µµ ¹®Á¦µÆ¾úÁö¸¸ À̹ø º¸¼± Ã⸶ÀÚµµ º´¿ª ¹ÌÇʰú ¼¼±Ý ÇÑǬ ³»Áö ¾ÊÀº Èĺ¸ÀÚ°¡ ÀûÁö ¾Ê´Ù ÇÏ´Ï Àǹ« ºÒÀÌÇàÀ¸·Î Àڱ⠵ÕÁö´Â ¹ö¸®°í ³ë¸¥ÀÚÀ§¸¸ ³ë¸®´Â »µ²Ù±â´Ù. ¸¶´Ã ÆÄµ¿µµ °ü°è ºÎó³ª »óºÎ±â°ü¿¡¼­ ¼­·Î ¸ô¶ú´Ù Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸´Ï »µ²Ù±â ¾ËÀ» ¸¶´Ã ³ó°¡¿¡ ³º¾Æ³õ°í ¹ß»­ÇÏ´Â °ÝÀÌ µÆ´Ù. ŸÀÓÁö Ä¿¹ö½ºÅ丮·Î±îÁö ¿À¸¥ ¿¬¿¹°è ºñ¸®µµ ¾ÇÀç(äÂî¦)°¡ µ·ÁÖ°í ¾çÀç(ÕÞî¦)°¡ Â÷ÁöÇÒ ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¹Ð¾î³»¾î Â÷ÁöÇßÀ¸´Ï »µ²Ù±â´Ù. »µ²Ù±â ¿ïÀ½¿¡ ±Í°¡ µû°¡¿î ÀÛ±ÝÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌÁø±¸. 2005. ¡¸¡®æ½À¯ÇС¯¡¦¸ð±¹ú¼ºñÇà±â Ÿ´Â ÇÑÀÎ 2, 3¼¼µé¡¹. ¡ìµ¿¾ÆÀϺ¸¡í 2005¡¤9¡¤24, p. X1.

Áö³­ÇØ 6¿ù ¹Ì±¹ ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ ¸ÓŬ·¹ÀÎ ½Ã ¹ö¸¶µ¥¶ó°í±³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÑ ¹Ú¸ð(20¡¤¿©) ¾¾´Â ¹Ì±¹ ¸í¹®´ë ÁøÇÐ ´ë½Å ¿¬¼¼´ë ¾ð´õ¿ìµå ±¹Á¦Çкθ¦ ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. ¹Ú ¾¾ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÇмöÇдɷ½ÃÇè(SAT) Á¡¼ö´Â »óÀ§±ÇÀÎ 1350Á¡À¸·Î ¸í¹® ½º¹Ì½ºÄ®¸®Áö¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇÑ »óÅÂ. ÁÖº¯¿¡¼± ¹Ì±¹ ÀÜ·ù¸¦ ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ¸ç ¸¸·ùÇßÁö¸¸ ¹Ú ¾¾´Â ¡°±³¼öÁø°ú ÇлýÀÇ ¼öÁØÀÌ ³ô°í Çѱ¹À» ¹è°æÀ¸·Î ±¹Á¦¹«´ë¿¡¼­ Ȱµ¿ÇÏ´Â µ¥ À¯¸®ÇÒ °Í °°¾Æ Çѱ¹ÇàÀ» °á½ÉÇß´Ù¡±°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

¿Ü±¹ À¯¸í °í±³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÑ Çѱ¹°è ÇлýµéÀÌ Çѱ¹ ´ëÇÐÀ¸·Î À¯ÇÐ ¿À´Â ¡®¿ªÀ¯ÇС¯ Çö»óÀÌ Àϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ¿Ü±¹ ¿ì¼ö °í±³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Ù ¿Ü±¹ ¸í¹®´ë ÀÔÇÐÀ» À§ÇØ Çѱ¹ °í±³·Î ÆíÀÔÇÏ´Â Çлýµéµµ ÀÕµû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇØ¿Ü ±Ù¹« ÁßÀÌ´ø ºÎ¸ðÀÇ ±Í±¹ µîÀ¸·Î ÇÔ²² µ¹¾Æ¿Â ´Ü¼ø ÆíÀÔ°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì´Ù. ¿ÃÇØ 58¸íÀÇ ½ÅÀÔ»ýÀ» ¼±¹ßÇÑ ¿¬¼¼´ë ¾ð´õ¿ìµå ±¹Á¦ÇкΠÁö¿øÀÚ´Â 702¸í. Áö¿øÀÚ Áß 25%°¡ ¿Ü±¹ °í±³ Á¹¾÷ÀÚÀ̸ç 25%´Â ¿Ü±¹ °í±³ ÀçÇÐ Áß Çѱ¹ °í±³·Î ÆíÀÔÇØ Á¹¾÷Çß´Ù. ÀÌ °¡¿îµ¥ ¿Ü±¹ ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀÚ³ª ¿µÁÖ±ÇÀÚµµ »ó´ç¼ö¿¡ À̸£´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù.

ÀÌÈ­¿©´ë ±¹Á¦Çкεµ 2004Çг⵵ 56¸í ¸ðÁý¿¡ 350¸í, 2005Çг⵵ 73¸í ¸ðÁý¿¡ 408¸í, 2006Çг⵵¿¡´Â 74¸í ¸ðÁý¿¡ 501¸íÀ¸·Î ¸Å³â Áö¿øÀÚ°¡ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÅÀÔ»ý ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¿Ü±¹ Áß°í±³ Ãâ½ÅÀ̰ųª Á¹¾÷ Àü Çѱ¹ °í±³·Î ÆíÀÔÇÑ ÇлýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °°Àº Çö»óÀº ÀϺΠ»ç¸³´ë°¡ ¸·´ëÇÑ Àç¿øÀ» µé¿© ±¹Á¦Çкθ¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹ ¾ÆÀ̺ñ¸®±× ¼öÁØÀÇ ±³¼öÁø°ú ±³À°°úÁ¤À» È®º¸ÇÑ µ¥´Ù ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¿¡¼­ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ºñÁßÀÌ Ä¿Á® Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼öÇÐ °æ·ÂÀÌ ±¹Á¦»çȸ ÁøÃâ¿¡ À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â ÇлýÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í Àֱ⠶§¹®.

Ư¼ö¸ñÀû°í¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °í±³»ý ¿ªÀ¯ÇÐÀº ¿Ü±¹ ¸í¹®´ë ÁøÇп¡ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ç®À̵ȴÙ. Áö³­ÇØ ¹ÎÁ·»ç°ü°í 2Çг⿡ ÆíÀÔÇÑ À̸ð(18) ¾çÀº ÀÌÁýÆ® Ä«ÀÌ·Î ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«Ä®¸®Áö(CAC) 11ÇгâÀ» ´Ù´Ï´Ù ¿Ô´Ù. ÇÑ ÇгâÀÌ 150¸íÀÎ CAC´Â 20¡­30¸íÀÌ ¹Ì±¹ ¾ÆÀ̺ñ¸®±×¿¡ ÁøÇÐÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î »óÀ§±Þ Çб³·Î Æò°¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾çÀº ¡°Çѱ¹ °í±³´Â Çб³ Àüü°¡ ¡®°øºÎ¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù¡¯´Â ºÐÀ§±â°¡ Çü¼ºµÅ ÀÖ¾î Çо÷¼ºÃëµµ¸¦ ½±°Ô ¿Ã¸± ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ¿Ü±¹ ´ëÇÐ ÁøÇп¡ Å« ÀåÁ¡À¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¡±¸ç ¿ªÀ¯ÇÐ ¹è°æÀ» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

½ÇÁ¦ ¹Ì±¹ À¯¸í ´ëÇÐÀÇ °æ¿ì ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¿µ¾î ½Ç·Â°ú Çо÷ ¼öÁØÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÇØ¿Ü¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹®È­¸¦ °æÇèÇÑ ÇлýÀ» ¼±È£Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹¿Ü±¹¾î´ë ºÎ¼Ó ¿Ü±¹¾î°í 1Çг⿡ ÃÖ±Ù ÆíÀÔÇÑ ¼­¸ð(16) ±ºÀº ¹Ì±¹ ÃÖ¿ì¼ö °í±³ Áß ÇϳªÀÎ Çʸ³½º ¾ÆÄ«µ¥¹Ì ¾Øµµ¹ö°í±³¸¦ ´Ù³æ´Ù. ÀÌ Çб³´Â ¹Ì±¹ Á¶Áö W ºÎ½Ã ´ëÅë·É ºÎÀÚÀÇ ¸ð±³·Îµµ À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù. ¼­ ±ºÀº ÀÏ´Ü ÀÌ Çб³ Á¹¾÷ ÈÄ ¹Ì±¹ À¯ÇÐÀ» °¥ °èȹÀÌ´Ù.

±³À°ÀÎÀûÀÚ¿øºÎ¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¿Ü±¹ °í±³¸¦ ´Ù´Ï´Ù ±¹³» °í±³·Î ÆíÀÔÇÑ Çлý ¼ö´Â 2002³â 979¸í, 2003³â 1391¸í, 2004³â 1755¸í µîÀ¸·Î ±ÞÁõÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ÃÇØ 1Çб⿡¸¸ 1065¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿¬¼¼´ë ¾ð´õ¿ìµå ±¹Á¦ÇкΠ¸ðÁ¾¸°(Ù¿ñ£×ó) ÇÐÀåÀº ¡°Àüü °í±³ ÀçÇÐ Áß ¿ªÀ¯ÇÐ ÆíÀÔ»ý °¡¿îµ¥ 30%°¡·®Àº ¼Ò½Å ÀÖ´Â ¿ªÀ¯ÇÐÆÄµé·Î º¸¸é µÈ´Ù¡±¸ç ¡°±³À°È¯°æÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁö¸é¼­ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿ªÀ¯ÇÐ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Å©°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª°í Àִµ¥µµ Á¤ºÎ´Â ¼ø¼ö ±¹³» Çлý¸¸À» À§ÇÑ ±³À°Á¤Ã¥ ¼ö¸³¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ´Â °Í °°¾Æ ¾ÈŸ±õ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÀÌÁø±¸ ±âÀÚ sys1201@donga.com



±è°©½Ä. 2005. ¡¸¡°°¡Á· °çÀ¸·Î¡¦¡± ±â·¯±â ¾ÆºüÀÇ ³¯°³Áþ¡¹. ¡ìµ¿¾ÆÀϺ¸¡í 2005¡¤7¡¤1.

ÀÌÀü È­¸é¡¡
What you want is not only lowest price but also highest quality replica watches. swiss replica watches We do professional quality swiss made replica watches replica watches test when putting Replica Watches For Menthe products to into stock and then again before shipping it to you! Replica Watch For Women Imitation Watches imitation watches for men imitation watches for women imitation watches brands Imitation Cartier Watches swiss replicas watches swiss replica watch swiss made replica swiss made replica watches Swiss Replica Watches Swiss Replicas Watch discount watches discounted watch replica watches discount watch discounted watcheThe quality of our replica watches are surely guaranteed.